Perubahan Paradigma Politik Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) untuk Mewujudkan Daya Saing Nasional: Studi Perlindungan Rahasia Dagang Bidang Obat-Obatan Tradisional

Abstract

Dalam perdagangan internasional, khususnya yang berkenaan dengan aspek Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI), Indonesia berada di bawah tekanan Negara-negara maju karena harus mengimplementasikan Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agrement sebagai salah satu kesepakatan di dalam rezim World Trade Organisation (WTO). Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode penelitian, yaitu yuridis normatif, kualitatif dan komparatif. Permasalahan dalam penelitian adalah mengapa paradigma HKI hukum Indonesia harus ada perubahan, upaya-upaya apakah yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia dalam perubahan tersebut, dan apakah budaya hukum masyarakat Indonesia dapat menerima perlindungan rahasia dagang bidang obat-obatan tradisional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, paradigma HKI Indonesia harus berlandaskan Pancasila sebagai landasan filosofis, Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 sebagai landasan yuridis dan realitas sosial bangsa Indonesia sebagai landasan sosiologis. Kedua, upaya-upaya Pemerintah Indonesia dalam perubahan tersebut harus terus dilakukan, mengingat sistem hukum HKI yang berasal dari Barat bersifat individualistik. Ketiga, budaya hukum masyarakat tradisional belum seluruhnya memahami perlunya perlindungan rahasia dagang bidang obat-obatan tradisional.

Abstract

In international trade, especially with regard to aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Indonesia is under pressure from developed countries because they have to implement the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement as one of the agreements within the World Trade Organization (WTO) regime. This study uses three research methods: normative, qualitative, and comparative juridical. The problems in this research are why the paradigm of IPR in Indonesian law has to change, what efforts have been made by the Indonesian government for this change, and whether the legal culture of Indonesian society can accept trade secret protection in the field of traditional medicines. The results of the study show that first, the paradigm of Indonesian IPR must be based on Pancasila as a philosophical basis, the 1945 Constitution as a juridical basis, and the social reality of the Indonesian people as a sociological basis. Second, the efforts of the Government of Indonesia in these changes must be continued, bearing in mind that the IPR legal system originating from the West is individualistic. Third, the legal culture of traditional communities has not fully understood the need to protect trade secrets in the field of traditional medicines.

Keywords: Paradigm Change, Politics, Law